Emirates International University Journal
About the Journal Emirates International University Journal (EIU Journal) is a peer-reviewed scientific periodical published in Sana'a, aiming to disseminate knowledge in Engineering, Medicine, Administrative Sciences, and Humanities. The journal adheres to the highest standards of scientific research through a distinguished academic editorial board and a rigorous refereeing system relying on experts from Yemen and the Arab world. Publisher Emirates International University Country Yemen Scope Multidisciplinary Languages Multilingual Fields & Disciplines Engineering and Information Technology Medical and Health Sciences Humanities and Social Sciences Administrative and Financial Sciences Identifiers & Links ISSN (Online): 3104-6150 Linking ISSN: 3104-6142 DOI: 10.64059/eiu Wikidata: Q137945151 ROR: 03j6pc929 URL: journals.eiu.edu.ye Contact Information General Inquiries Tel: +967 1 432 222 Mobile: +967 781 232 222 journal.eiu@eiu.edu.ye Editor-in-Chief Mobile: +967 712 715 215 dr.malekye@eiu.edu.ye Address: Beirut St, Hadda, Sana’a, Yemen. Follow us: @Eiuniversity
Adaptive Reasoning Compression: Balancing Short and Long Chains of Thought for Improved Overthinking LLM ReasoningLarge Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in reasoning and problem solving. However, one emerging phenomenon is overthinking—when a model spends unnecessary steps reasoning about problems that could be solved directly. While deeper reasoning can sometimes improve accuracy for complex tasks, excessive reasoning often increases computational costs without significant gains. This simulation aims to study the tradeoff between direct answering and overthinking in LLMs. This research builds on the idea that “less is more” when it comes to reasoning in LLMs. By developing adaptive and compressed reasoning strategies, we aim to optimize the balance between brevity and accuracy, making LLMs both smarter and more efficient. We will simulate the proposal idea (Adaptive + Compressed Reasoning for LLMs). Also this study proposed several strategies to mitigate overthinking, Self Braking Tuning (SBT), Certainty Guided Reflection Suppression, Long Short Chain of Thought Mixtures, and Framework Based Orchestration.
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The cybersecurity landscape is undergoing a radical transformation with the emergence of "Social Engineering 2.0.". Attacks no longer rely solely on text manipulation but have expanded to employ generative artificial intelligence techniques, specifically "deepfakes," to create hyper-realistic audio-visual media. This research paper aims to analyze the risks arising from the integration of deepfakes in social engineering attacks, focusing on the current shortcomings of traditional defense mechanisms that fail to detect deepfakes in compressed environments and live communication channels. Through a critical review of recent literature and the proposal of a hybrid defense framework, the study discusses the importance of combining automated technical analysis with human behavioral verification. The findings conclude that technical solutions alone are insufficient in light of the development of competitive generative networks (GANs), recommending the adoption of "zero trust" strategies and out-of-band verification as essential for protecting institutional and societal assets in the age of artificial media.
The Impact of Strategic Awareness in Providing the Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial University through Strategic Response
The study aimed to identify the impact of Strategic Awareness in providing the characteristics of an Entrepreneurial university through Strategic Response at Emirates International University – Sana'a , the study also aimed to examine the achieved level of characteristics of an Entrepreneurial University , the level of Strategic Awareness, and the level of Strategic Response practicing at the academic and management leaders, the stratified random sampling was considered for selecting the sample of study which included (54) individuals ,The descriptive analytical method was used and the data were collected by a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. Data were processed and analyzed using statistical Package in Social Sciences (SPSS), Several statistical methods were also used to measure the study objectives and test hypotheses. The results of study revealed that the Emirates International University – Sana'a , pay a significant interest impact of Strategic Awareness in providing the characteristics of an Entrepreneurial university through Strategic Response, the study recommend that other Yemen's University should continue study Strategic Awareness in providing the characteristics of an Entrepreneurial university through Strategic Response
The Use Of Artificial Intelligence Applications In Scientific Research Writing and Its Implications For Postgraduate Students At Yemeni Universities
The aim of the research was to analyze the reality of using artificial intelligence applications in writing scientific research and its repercussions on graduate students at Yemeni universities. The descriptive survey method was used, relying on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, consisting of (33) paragraphs, applied to a sample of graduate students at Yemeni universities who were selected by a simple random method, It size was (128) male and female students, The most prominent results of the research were: The axis of the extent to which graduate students at Yemeni universities use artificial intelligence applications in writing scientific research in all its dimensions, obtained an arithmetic mean of (3.35), and a percentage of (67%), which corresponds to a rating of “medium”, and the axis of positive repercussions of using artificial intelligence tools in writing scientific research obtained an arithmetic mean of (3.96), and a percentage of (79%), with a rating of “high”, The axis of negative repercussions of using artificial intelligence tools in writing scientific research obtained an arithmetic mean of (3.97), and a percentage of (79%), with a rating of “high”. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean responses of the sample members based on the variables of gender and academic degree. However, they did reveal statistically significant differences in the domain of the actual use of artificial intelligence applications according to the field of specialization, in favor of the humanities over the applied sciences.
A Proposed Model for The Transformation of Yemeni Universities in To Smart Universities
This study aimed to develop a proposed model for transforming Yemeni universities into smart universities by assessing the extent to which smart university components—smart campus, smart human resources, smart teaching and learning environments, and smart management—are available at the International Emirates University, which served as the case study. To achieve the first objective, the researcher employed the descriptive methodology (survey and analytical approaches) in addition to the case study method. The study population consisted of 3,462 students, faculty, and administrative staff, from which a stratified random sample of 345 participants was selected using the Krejcie and Morgan formula at a 0.95 confidence level. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection. The results of the first phase informed the development of the proposed smart university transformation model. Using a constructive methodology, an initial version of the model was drafted, reviewed by the academic supervisor, and subsequently evaluated by 15 experts from focus groups. Feedback was received from 10 experts and used to refine the final model. The findings revealed that the availability of smart university components at the International Emirates University was moderate overall. The smart campus component, particularly technological infrastructure, showed the highest level of availability, while smart learning environments ranked lowest, followed by smart human resources. Several items scored below the arithmetic mean (3), indicating gaps in meeting smart university requirements. The study recommended forming high-level committees to develop strategic plans for phased implementation of the proposed model based on each university’s capacities. It further emphasized integrating technology as a core component of educational systems and called on the Ministry of Higher Education to support digital transformation through legislation, organizational restructuring, and facilitation measures
The Role of Strategic Intelligence in Enhancing Competitive Advantage
This research paper aims to analyze the role of strategic intelligence in enhancing competitive advantage at Juman Trading and Investment Company. The study employed the descriptive‑analytical approach and the case study method. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to all company leaders and employees (130 employees), of which 94 valid responses were retrieved for analysis. The results revealed that the level of practicing strategic intelligence across its five dimensions (foresight, systems thinking, motivation, strategic vision, and partnership) was high, with the partnership dimension ranking first. It was also found that the level of competitive advantage across its dimensions (quality, customer responsiveness, market share, flexibility, and innovation) was similarly high, with quality ranking the highest. Furthermore, the findings confirmed the presence of a statistically significant role of strategic intelligence in enhancing the competitive advantage of the company under study. The paper recommends strengthening the motivation dimension within strategic intelligence practices and emphasizing innovation as one of the key determinants of sustainable competitive advantage.
The Concept of Administrative Fault as the Basis for Administrative Responsibility
This study examines the concept of administrative (service) fault as the foundation of administrative liability, while explaining how the judiciary assesses such faults, given that the public service bears the consequences and is obliged to provide compensation upon the occurrence of damage. The study revealed the diversity of administrative fault cases, which led the administrative courts to interpret them flexibly to protect individuals and ensure the proper functioning of public services, whereas French legal scholars attempted to categorize and define these cases. It also emerged that administrative doctrine has not established a unified standard to distinguish between service fault and personal fault, leaving the judiciary solely responsible for assessing each case based on its circumstances. The research confirms that the mere illegality of an administrative decision does not trigger liability unless the fault reaches a level of severity that warrants compensation, with the degree of severity varying according to the nature of the public service activity. The study concludes that the theory of administrative fault is primarily judicial rather than legislative, as the judiciary has played a central role in establishing and developing the rules of administrative liability, becoming the cornerstone of the theoretical framework of liability in public law.
Provide a model for measuring the level of business intelligence ripening in the digital transformation environment for electronic business
This research aims to provide a model to measure the level of business intelligence ripening in the environment of the digital transformation of the electronic business of companies that provide Internet services, which was conducted using the qualitative curriculum based on the apparent approach. The number of participants in this study reached 100 specialists, experts and electronic business managers who worked in the field of providing Internet services in Yemen Mobile, who were chosen using the maximum discrimination method. The data was collected through in -depth and semi -organized interviews and is analyzed using the Clayees method. The results are classified into five levels of business intelligence using the Delphi style (level 1: basic maturity, level 2: frequent maturity, level 3: specified maturity, level 4: orbiting, level 5: improved maturity). After that, a model that includes 33 dimensions and 232 indicators are designed in research literature, where the dimensions and indicators were chosen according to the researcher's opinion and the approval of experts. The five levels of business intelligence are finally distributed and analyzed using the analysis of the confirmation factors in the Smartpls program, the form of support for the model.
The effect of information and communications technology (ICT) on improving performance and creating innovation among industrial companies
The fate of societies has become increasingly linked to technology. It is clear that in such a case, understanding the effects of technology, including ICT technology (ICT), has become very important. It is worth noting that information technology is one of the important environmental factors that seriously affects the position, performance and fate of societies, organizations and individuals. This study aimed to study the impact of ICT technology (ICT) on innovation and performance at the International Medicines Company in Sanaa. The research curriculum is descriptive - survey. The statistical community represents the current study in the employees of the International Pharmaceutical Company, where 172 people were chosen as a sample using the Kurdran format and the simple random sample method. The data collection tool to measure the effects of ICT technology (ICT) as an assistant to innovation factor on industrial companies' performance is the questionnaire. Data analysis was also conducted on two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Structural equations modeling was also used using SMARTPLS to verify research hypotheses. Finally, all the research hypotheses were confirmed, and the results showed that information and communications technology has a significant impact on innovation and the company's performance.
The Role of Yemeni Universities in Developing Specialized Programs in Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence
The study aimed to analyze the extent of commitment of Yemeni universities to their role in developing specialized programs in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, and to indicate the level of need and obstacles. The descriptive survey method was used, and a questionnaire consisting of (41) paragraphs was prepared, distributed over three axes, namely (role, need, obstacles), and applied to a sample that was chosen intentionally from academic leaders and specialized faculty members, amounting to (85) individuals. The most prominent results of the study were: that the commitment of Yemeni universities to their role in developing specialized programs in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence was rated as (weak) at a percentage of (51%), and that the level of need to develop specialized programs was rated as (high) at a percentage of (83%), and the degree of obstacles to developing specialized programs was rated as (high) at a percentage of (77%). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample members attributable to demographic variables (gender, nature of work, academic degree). The study concluded by presenting a number of recommendations, including that the leadership of Yemeni universities should play a fundamental role in strengthening international cooperation with international universities in developing such programs to achieve scientific and technological progress in Yemen
Integrating LLMs with Honeypots and IPS for Advanced Cybercrime Detection
This study presents an advanced cybersecurity framework that leverages Honeypot technology integrated with a fine-tuned Large Language Model (LLM) and an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to combat cybercrime. The proposed system emulates an SSH server environment to attract malicious actors, capturing and analyzing their activities using a custom-trained LLM based on 617 Linux command-response pairs obtained from Cowrie logs and public datasets. Optimization techniques such as LoRA and QLoRA were employed to enhance model efficiency while minimizing computational overhead. Concurrently, the IPS component monitors and blocks suspicious traffic in real time, further strengthening the defense posture. Experimental validation through brute-force simulations using Kali Linux and Nmap demonstrated the system’s capacity to realistically imitate server behavior and effectively extract actionable intelligence from attacker interactions. Despite integration and maintenance challenges, the proposed solution offers a robust mechanism for proactive threat detection and response.
Honeypots Technology in Combat Cybercrimes
This study presents a practical cybersecurity framework using honeypot technology to detect and analyze cyber threats. By deploying simulated systems such as Cowrie, Amun, and Wordpot within a virtualized environment using VMware and GNS3, the research demonstrates how deception can effectively engage attackers and capture their behavior. The system is integrated with the Modern Honey Network (MHN) for centralized monitoring and log collection. Simulated attacks including SSH brute-force and web probing were carried out using Kali Linux and analyzed with Wireshark. The results show that honeypots provide valuable threat intelligence, enhance detection capabilities, and support proactive defense strategies in a secure and isolated environment.
The impact of human capital on enhancing competitive advantage at the University of Science and Technology Hospital-Sana'a
This study aimed to determine the impact of human capital, with its dimensions—knowledge, skills, experience, and creativity—on enhancing competitive advantage, with its dimensions—cost, quality, flexibility, and time—at the University of Science and Technology Hospital in Sana'a. Additionally, the study sought to assess the level of human capital availability and the level of competitive advantage practice within the hospital. To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was employed, and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool. The study targeted all administrative leadership in the hospital, including the general director and their deputies, department heads, division managers, and unit supervisors, using a comprehensive survey method that covered all 66 individuals in the target population. The study utilized appropriate statistical methods through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Among the key findings, the study revealed that the hospital demonstrated significant interest in human capital across all its dimensions, ranked in descending order as follows: experience, knowledge, skills, and creativity. The study also indicated that the hospital placed significant importance on competitive advantage across all its dimensions, ranked in descending order as follows: quality, flexibility, time, and cost. The study demonstrated a statistically significant impact of human capital on enhancing competitive advantage within the hospital. It also revealed statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample regarding human capital and competitive advantage, attributed to demographic variables such as gender, age, educational qualification, years of service, and job title. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the hospital further enhance its focus on human capital, considering it the true capital and a fundamental element in institutional success and a key source of competitive advantage in light of rapid technological advancements and ongoing challenges in the business environment. Additionally, it emphasized the need to continuously enhance competitive advantage across all its dimensions and work towards its ongoing improvement.
Eco-Innovative Use of Red Mud: Impact on the Compressive Strength of HSC
This study investigates the effect of partial replacement of Portland cement with red mud on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete (HSC). Red mud, an industrial by-product of alumina production, was replaced at ratios of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% by weight of cement. Compressive strength tests were performed on the produced concrete cubes. The results showed that a reference HSC mix (0% red mud) achieved a compressive strength of 85 MPa. However, red mud replacement reduced the compressive strength at all ratios, decreasing to 70 MPa at 5% and 56 MPa at 35%. In contrast to reported results for medium-strength concrete, where optimum red clay ratios (e.g., 10–20%) can maintain or increase strength, no such optimum ratio was observed for the high-strength concrete investigated here.
Image encryption using RSA & IWT Techniques
Image encryption is a crucial technique in ensuring the confidentiality and security of digital images, especially when transmitted over untrusted networks. Combining the RSA cryptosystem and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) offers a robust method for encrypting images. RSA provides strong asymmetric encryption, while IWT compresses the image efficiently, reducing data size and maintaining image quality. Image Encryption, RSA Algorithm, Integer Wavelet Transform, Digital Image Security, Asymmetric Cryptography, Secure Image Transmission, Data Compression.
Big Data Analysis for Detecting Fake News and Rumors on social media Using Machine Learning: review
The proliferation of social media has transformed the landscape of information dissemination. While it has enabled rapid communication and outreach, it has also provided fertile ground for the propagation of misinformation and fake news. This paper investigates the integration of big data analytics and machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance the detection and mitigation of fake news and rumors across various social media platforms. This paper explores recent advancements in traditional ML algorithms, deep learning (DL) models, transformer-based architectures, and hybrid methods that combine multiple analytical approaches. Key challenges are addressed, including data imbalance, model bias, the increasing sophistication of AI-generated content, and the need for explainable AI. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of multimodal analysis, incorporating textual, visual, and user-based features, and discuss the necessity for continuous model adaptation in response to evolving misinformation tactics. This study contributes to the growing body of research by presenting a synthesized framework for future research and system development in fake news detection.
Port Scanning and Traffic Analysis System Using Artificial Intelligence
This paper presents an integrated system for port scanning and network traffic analysis that leverages machine learning to detect malicious activity in real time. The proposed platform combines three core components—an active port scanner, a passive packet sniffer, and an AI-based classifier—within a unified graphical user interface. The system is implemented in Python using the socket library for TCP SYN and UDP scans, Scapy for packet capture and flow-based feature extraction, and a Random Forest model built with scikit-learn. Both synthetic traffic, generated using Scapy, and real traffic from the CICIDS2017 dataset are used to train and evaluate the model on 15 temporal, statistical and behavioral features. Experiments conducted on a lab network with 50 devices show that the port-scanning module detects 98% of open ports with a scanning speed of 120 ports per second and a false-positive rate of 2%. On the traffic classification task, the AI engine achieves 95% accuracy, 93% precision, 96% recall and a 94.5% F1-score while processing up to 1,200 packets per second with less than 50 ms detection latency. Compared with Snort and Wireshark, the proposed system improves detection accuracy and reduces false positives, while obtaining a usability rating of 4.7/5 from test users. These results indicate that integrating port scanning, traffic analysis and AI in a single tool can significantly enhance practical network monitoring and intrusion detection.
The Impact of Digitization on Employee Performance in the Hospital Institution
The aim of this research is to study the impact of digitization through its dimensions: equipment, devices, individuals, networks, and software on the performance of employees at the public hospital institution Touggourt. To achieve the objectives of the study, we adopted the descriptive analytical approach, with the use of a questionnaire tool to collect data from a sample of 120 employees (doctors, paramedics, and administrators), in addition to using the interview tool. The study reached results, most notably: the level of availability of the dimensions of digitization and the performance of employees is average. There is an impact of the dimensions of digitization on the performance of employees, and the dimensions of individuals and software are the most influential.
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of the Entrepreneurs’ Characteristics on Digital Marketing of Small Enterprises
The current study aimed to determine the impact of the characteristics of entrepreneurs on the success of small enterprises through digital marketing in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a, and to achieve the objectives of the study and test its hypotheses, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was designed for the purpose of collecting data from the study sample of small enterprises owners who are clients of financing institutions The study population included (3424) individuals, and the study sample included (337) questionnaires distributed to the owners of small enterprises as a simple random sample. In order to analyze the data, statistical analysis was used via the (SPSS) program for the purposes of the descriptive analysis of the variables of the study, and the structural modeling was used with the partial least squares algorithm (PLS-SEM) by the statistical program (SmartPLS) to test the hypotheses. The study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of the characteristics entrepreneurs in the digital marketing of small enterprises in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a. The study presented a set of recommendations, including: the need to adequately employ the characteristics of entrepreneurs in the digital marketing, the need to fully employ digital marketing in its dimensions, and financing institutions and the competent authorities to support the owners of small enterprises and assist them in employing the characteristics that they characterize very highly in digital marketing by providing effective courses and providing appropriate financing on easy term.
Enhancing Performance-Based Seismic Design through RC Column Jacketing
Enhancing the seismic resilience of existing buildings in earthquake-prone regions is a critical priority for reducing collapse risks and safeguarding human life. Reinforced concrete (RC) column jacketing has become one of the most widely applied retrofitting techniques for improving the structural behavior of deficient columns. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of RC jacketing in enhancing the structural performance level of buildings in accordance with the ASCE/SEI 41-17 guidelines. A pushover analysis was conducted to assess the impact of concrete jacketing on key performance indicators, including plastic hinge rotation capacity, story displacement, and inter-story drift. The results demonstrate significant improvements in the ductile response of structural elements, accompanied by noticeable reductions in both displacement and drift values. These findings underscore the pivotal role of column strengthening within seismic retrofit strategies and offer practical insights for engineers and architects seeking to enhance the safety and reliability of vulnerable structures.
THE IMPACT OF NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM ON NUTRITIONAL DECISION- MAKING
The current study aimed to identify the reality of using the nutritional Surveillance system in Nutrition General Administration in Ministry of Health & Population in Yemen as well as to Identify the impact the nutritional surveillance system represented in its dimensions (suitability, accuracy, timing, clarity, modernity) on the nutritional decision- making represented in its dimensions (problem defining and analysis, information collection and analysis, choosing the best alternative) in Nutrition General Administration in Ministry of Health & Population in Yemenites. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical method was used and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting the data. The sample of the study included (37) individuals. The study came out with many findings. The study provided some recommendations, the most important ones were that, pay more attention to the dimension of suitability through the contribution of the information in solving the problems. Pay more attention to the dimension of timing through providing the information accurately and on time. Pay more attention to the dimension of clarity through providing clear and understandable information.
The Impact of Talent Management on institutional Excellence
The study aimed to identify the impact of talent management on institutional excellence in Azal pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company, and to identify the difficulties that reduce the effectiveness of talent management in Awal pharmaceu0tical Manufacturing. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of presidents, deputies and administrators at Azal pharmaceutical industry company. A random sample of (118) employees was selected, and a group was collected Data using, and the data were processed statistically using a program statistical packages (spss), and the study results, the most important of which are the following: 1-The study showed that there is a shortcoming on the part of senior management in developing institutional excellence in the company. 2-The study showed there is a deficiency in adopting taient management in developing institutional excellence in Azal industrial pharmaceuticals Company. 3-The study showed that the level of talent management in Azal pharmaceutical industry average and this My soulis that there is shortcoming on the part of the company's management in attracting, developing end retaining talent.. 4- The study showed that of institutional excellence at Azal pharmaceutical industries Company is average.
The Impact of Quality of Work Life on Employee Performance
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the quality of work life on employee performance in international humanitarian organizations operating in Sana’a City.To achieve this objective, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. A questionnaire was used as the main tool for collecting data from the study population. A stratified random sample of 181 participants was selected, and the collected data were analyzed using statistical methods. The study yielded several key findings, most notably the existence of a significant impact of quality of work life on employee performance within the organizations under study. It also revealed that the level of attention these organizations give to quality of work life is moderate, while the levels of employee efficiency, commitment, and performance quality were found to be high. The study recommended that the organizations should enhance their focus on quality of work life beyond the current level. It also emphasized the importance of continuously developing employee performance and skills, increasing their involvement in setting goals and strategic planning, and encouraging creativity. Such efforts would enable the organizations to achieve their strategic objectives more effectively.
Justification of Yemen's pro-Gaza position under international and humanitarian law
The research is based on the problematic understanding of the extent to which Yemen's position affects the Palestinian issue, specifically the motives and justifications of this position for the support of Gaza within the framework of international and humanitarian law. The clarification of what rules and provisions demonstrate the legitimacy of this position and its impact on international relations. Research is based on legal methodologies and descriptive analysis to study and analyze events and facts related to Yemen's attitude towards the Palestinian issue, specifically in favour of Gaza, through two main themes. The researcher reached a number of results and recommendations that demonstrate the legitimacy of Yemen's position in favour of Gaza. They can support the international community to make further efforts to ensure the necessary support for the Palestinian people, and also, in line with the principles of justice and the right to freedom and independence for the Palestinian people.
Antimicrobial Consumption in an Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study of Four Hospitals in Sana'a City, Yemen
Background: Drug utilization study, particularly antimicrobials, is an important tool to study the clinical use of drugs and its impact on healthcare System. The irrational use of antimicrobials leads to a number of consequences in term of cost, drug interactions, hospital stay, bacterial resistance, and a substantial economic burden on health care systems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence patterns of antimicrobial consumption in ICUs of hospitals in Sana'‘a city, Yemen. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in four main hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen, during January to March 2022. Data on _ patient demographics, antimicrobial prescriptions, and antimicrobial consumption were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and institutional ethical committee approval was obtained. Results: A total of 250 patients were included in the study, (51.2%) females and (48.8%) males across all hospitals with age categories ranged from 15 years to over 60 years. The cumulative patient-days for all ICU patients was 1851 days, resulting in an average admission duration of 7.4 days per patient moreover, the average number of _ prescribed antimicrobials per patient was 2, and the average of antimicrobial consumption per patient was 0.7 grams. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were Ceftriaxone (21.75%), Meropenem (12.7%), and Moxifloxacin (10.17%). Cephalosporins were the most commonly consumed group (33.66%), followed by Fluoroquinolones (23.95%), Carbapenems (13.37%), Gilycopeptides (7.98%), and Penicillins (8.85%). Conclusion: The study provides insights into the utilization of Antibiotics in ICU patients in Sana’a city, Yemen. In addition, variations in both prevalence of antibiotic use and in prescribing patterns among different hospitals. It is necessary for continuous monitoring and improvement of antibiotic prescribing practices in ICUs to combat the development of antimicrobial resistance and other complications.
Conceptual Model for Successful Digital Transformation in Higher Education Sector
Amidst the rapid advancement of digital technologies, the digital transformation of the higher education sector has emerged as a strategic imperative for optimizing educational services and sustaining academic competitiveness. Consequently, this study aims to conceptualize a comprehensive model to guide effective digital transformation within this sector. The proposed framework posits that successful implementation necessitates higher education institutions to profoundly comprehend the associated benefits and challenges, coupled with the critical need to achieve robust technological and organizational readiness.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Patients Attending Emirates International University Dental Clinics in Sana’a City, Yemen
Introduction: Evaluation of the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C viruses among patients of dental clinics in Sana'a city (capital city) is essential to understand the local burden of this infection and to identify potential risk factors associated with its transmission. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence rate of HBV and HCV and risk factors associated with infections among patients attending Dental clinics- Emirates International University in Sana’a City, Yemen. Rationale: To highlight the importance of routine screening before any dental procedure, especially before any oral surgical procedure such as tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Emirates International University dental clinics in Sana’a City, Yemen. The period of study was 3 months, commencing from March 2023 to May 2023. The patients’ demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were tested before dental extraction for the presence of infection by HBs Ag and anti-HCV at the Laboratory of Medical Department by using Immunochromatographic assay (ICT) technique. Prevalence was calculated as percentages, and chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables where a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant- by using SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 385 patients, two had positive for HBV and one HCV collectively. Among them male more incidence than female. In addition, prevalence rate was (% 0.52) 2 for HBV and (%26 .0) 1 was with HCV. Risk factors for HCV were gender and clinical status of disease while age group with HBV. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of HBV and HCV was low among Yemeni patients attending Emirates International University Dental Clinics. Pre-dental intervention screening for HBs Ag & HCV is a reasonable policy, particularly before any dental procedure.
Towards an effective educational curriculum for the Algerian education system
This study aims to provide suggestions regarding the appropriate educational curriculum for the Algerian educational system. It begins by presenting the historical stages that the system's reform has undergone, along with a review of criticisms made by education specialists. The study has yielded several important results: firstly, it emphasizes that educational reform is an urgent necessity to ensure that educational curricula align with the advancements of the times; secondly, it acknowledges that educational reform in Algeria has its advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the study highlights that an effective educational curriculum within the Algerian system should encourage learners to imagine, think critically, analyze, and anticipate the future.
Determining the Impact of the Corruption Perceptions Index on Foreign Investment in Algeria
This study aimed at determining the impact of corruption perceptions index on direct foreign investment in Algeria using autoregressive distributed lag model ARDL, for both short and long terms, during the period 2003–2022. The study reached the result that a negative correlation – statistically significant – occurred between the index of corruption perceptions and the direct foreign investment on both terms, short and long. The interpretation of the result yields that rampant corruption phenomenon has led to the abstention of foreign investors, which subsequently impacted negatively the flow of foreign investments.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Knowledge Sharing through Organizational Ambidexterity
The study aimed to identify the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Knowledge Sharing through Organizational Ambidexterity among postgraduate students in private universities. The study also aimed to examine the levels of ICT, Knowledge Sharing, and Organizational Ambidexterity practices within the surveyed universities. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of (70) individuals. The descriptive-analytical method was applied, and data were collected using a questionnaire as the primary tool. Data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), alongside several statistical methods to measure the study's objectives and test its hypotheses. The results revealed that private universities show significant interest in the impact of ICT on Knowledge Sharing through Organizational Ambidexterity. The study recommends that private universities should continue their ICT and Organizational Ambidexterity practices, and enhance them by providing all possible means to discover and invest in the elements of university success.