TiO₂-reinforced PVA/HPMC/CMC ternary bio-blend electrolytes for advanced energy storage devices

Authors

  • M.J. Tommalieh Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia Author
  • Maha Aiiad Alenizi Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences-Arar, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, 91431 Arar, Saudi Arabia Author
  • S.K. Alghamdi Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia Author
  • N.T. El-Shamy Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia Physics Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt Corresponding author at: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia. Author
  • G.M. Asnag Emirates International University image/svg+xml Author
  • M.A. Morsi Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia Mathematical and Natural Sciences Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt Author
  • M.A. Ahlam Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia Author
  • Hassan G. El Gohary Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106509

Keywords:

PVA/HPMC/CMC ternary blend , TiO₂ nanoparticles , Polymer electrolyte , Dielectric capacitor , Advanced energy storage devices

Abstract

This study develops and characterizes eco-friendly ternary polymer electrolytes composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, for high-performance energy-storage applications. PVA/HPMC/CMC/TiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated via solution casting and characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and impedance spectroscopy to investigate their structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties. XRD results revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 suppressed crystallinity and promoted the formation of an amorphous phase, thereby favoring ion mobility. Optical analysis revealed band-gap narrowing with the addition of TiO2 (4.63 eV direct, 2.88 eV indirect), indicating enhanced electronic transitions and light absorption. Impedance measurements demonstrated optimized ionic conductivity (2.63 × 10−7 S cm−1 at 1.2 wt% TiO2) and a high dielectric constant (∼1264), resulting from interfacial polarization and additional conduction pathways. A pronounced decrease in bulk resistance (1.5 kΩ at 1.2 wt% TiO₂ vs. 8.2 kΩ for the pristine blend) further confirmed enhanced charge transport with reduced energy loss-key factors for high-performance capacitors and microelectronic devices. These findings highlight the crucial role of TiO2 nanoparticles in tuning and tailoring the functional properties of PVA/HPMC/CMC electrolytes, thereby providing a sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective platform for next-generation capacitive energy storage systems.

Author Biography

  • G.M. Asnag, Emirates International University
    G.M. Asnag Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Emirates International University, Sana'a 16881, Yemen   g.asnag@yahoo.com

References

Alghamdi, A. M. (2025). Fabrication and comprehensive characterization of HPMC/PVA/CMC-MoO₃ bio-nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical, electrical, and antibacterial properties for food packaging applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 285, Article 137814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137814

Al Hashedi, S. A., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Abdelghany, A. M., Elshahawy, A. M., Al-Hakimi, A. N., & Saeed, A. (2025). Effect of disodium phthalocyanine on the structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of PVA/CMC blend towards optoelectronic applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 284, Article 137562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137562

Alanazi, H. T., Asnag, G. M., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Morsi, M. A., & Rajeh, A. (2024). Innovative enhancements in polymer nanocomposites: Integrating ZnO nanorods into Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend for advanced energy storage devices. Ceramics International, 50(18), 34112–34124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.06.220

Al Kiey, S. A., Abdelazeez, A. A., El-Hout, S. I., El-Sayed, S. M., & Ibrahim, M. (2024). Investigating the hybrid potential of PVA-chitosan-loaded TiO2@NiO films for advanced conductivity and dielectric performance. Polymer Testing, 131, Article 108342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108342

Alqarni, M. A., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Pashameah, R. A., Elshahawy, A. M., Asnag, G. M., & Rajeh, A. (2024). Optimizing the structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/zinc manganite nanocomposites for optical and energy storage applications. Results in Physics, 61, Article 107712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107712

Jayalakshmi, K., Saroja, G., Shanthi, J., & Selvasekarapandian, S. (2024). Investigating the properties of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose based magnesium ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes for primary battery applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 84, Article 110756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110756

Kesavan, S. K., Sundaramoorthy, S., Shanmugam, S., & Pattan, S. (2022). Fabrication of hybrid povidone-iodine impregnated collagen-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose composite scaffolds for wound-healing application. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 74, Article 103522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103522

Luo, C., Du, J., Weng, J., Zhu, J., & Zhou, X. (2020). A universal natural hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose polymer additive for modifying lignocellulose-based gel polymer electrolytes and stabilizing lithium metal anodes. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 253, Article 123382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchchemphys.2020.123382

Morsi, M. A., Pashameah, R. A., Alsubhi, S. A., Alzahrani, E., & Al-Muntaser, A. A. (2024). Reinforced PEO/Cs polymers blend with Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofillers: Nanocomposites for optoelectronics and energy storage. Journal of Energy Storage, 91, Article 112104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112104

Nayak, P., Bhargav, P. B., Ravi, M., & Solid State Battery Research Group. (2023). Unleashing the potential of eco-friendly chitosan: Methylcellulose polyblend electrolytes via magnesium acetate doping for solid state batteries. Journal of Energy Storage, 72, Article 108311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108311

11-3

Downloads

Published

2025-10-14

Issue

2025

Section

Articles

Categories

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Elsevier has partnered with Copyright Clearance Center's RightsLink service to offer a variety of options for reusing this content.

How to Cite

Tommalieh, M., Alenizi, M. A., Alghamdi, S., El-Shamy, N., Asnag, G., Morsi, M., Ahlam, M., & El Gohary, H. G. (2025). TiO₂-reinforced PVA/HPMC/CMC ternary bio-blend electrolytes for advanced energy storage devices. Emirates International University Digital Repository, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106509

Similar Articles

11-20 of 40

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>