نحو إسمنت أكثر نظافة
مراجعة منهجية لإسمنت الحجر الجيري والطين المكلسن
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64059/eiu.v3i1.100الكلمات المفتاحية:
إسمنت الحجر الجيري والطين المكلسن، LC3، المواد الإسمنتية التكميلية، الإسمنت منخفض الكربون، تقييم دورة الحياة، المتانة، الاقتصاد الدائريالملخص
يتطلب التوجه نحو إزالة الكربون من صناعة الأسمنت مادة رابطة تمتاز بانخفاض البصمة الكربونية وقابلية التطبيق على نطاق عالمي. ويُعد أسمنت الطين المكلسن والحجر الجيري (LC3) المادة الإسمنتية التكميلية الوحيدة التي تتمتع بوفرة جيولوجية كافية لمواجهة هذا التحدي؛ حيث تتوافر موادها الخام على نطاق واسع، وتتطلب عملية إنتاجها طاقة أقل، فضلاً عن أداء ديمومتها المُثبت والموثوق.
تستخلص هذه المراجعة المنهجية، المتوافقة مع معايير (PRISMA 2020)، الأدلة من مجموعة كبيرة من الدراسات الخاضعة لمراجعة الأقران؛ لتشمل المواد الخام، والتكليس، والإماهة، والخصائص الميكانيكية، والديمومة، والأداء البيئي، والجوانب الاقتصادية، والنشر الصناعي. يقلل نظام (LC3-50) من احتمالية الاحترار العالمي (GWP) بنسبة تتراوح بين 30-40% لكل طن، وبنسبة تقارب 90% لكل عام من الخدمة البحرية على أساس الوحدة الوظيفية. كما تعادل مقاومة الانضغاط لديه تلك الخاصة بالأسمنت البورتلاندي العادي (OPC) عند عمر 28 يوماً. وتنخفض انتشارية الكلوريدات بمقدار 10 إلى 100 مرة، في حين أن امتثال الزحف الأساسي يقل بنسبة 28-30% مقارنة بالأسمنت البورتلاندي العادي على مستوى عجينة الأسمنت.
وعلى الرغم من هذه المزايا، لا تزال هناك فجوات حرجة فيما يتعلق بمقاومة التجمد والذوبان، والزحف، وأداء مقاومة الحريق، والكربنة في البيئات غير الاستوائية. وبناءً على ذلك، تُقترح خارطة طريق تمتد عبر ثلاثة آفاق زمنية لمعالجة هذه الفجوات. وعند بلوغ نسبة اعتماد عالمية تتراوح بين 20-30%، يمكن لأسمنت (LC3) خفض انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون السنوية بمقدار 800-900 مليون طن. وتؤكد هذه الأدلة مكانة (LC3) باعتبارها تكنولوجيا الأسمنت منخفض الكربون الأكثر قابلية للتوسع في المدى القريب.
التنزيلات
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