Tunable structural, optical, and electrical performance of PEMA/PMMA–CoCl₂ composites for advanced optoelectronics and energy storage applications

Authors

  • F. E. Hanash Emirates International University image/svg+xml Author
  • Maha Aiiad Alenizi Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences-Arar, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, 91431, Arar, Saudi Arabia Author
  • G. M. Asnag Modern Specialized University image/svg+xml Author
  • A. A. Al-Muntaser Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Applied Sciences at Arhab, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen Author
  • M. O. Farea Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen Author
  • Sadiq H. Khoreem Center for Studies and Research, Amran University, 78428, Amran, Yemen Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Medical Sciences, Al-Razi University, 71137, Sana’a, Yemen Author
  • A. Y. Yassin Department of Basic Sciences, Delta University for Science & Technology, Gamassa, Mansoura, Egypt Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26091-0

Keywords:

PEMA/PMMA/CoCl2 composite films, Optical properties, Impedance analysis, Optoelectronic, Energy storage applications

Abstract

This work investigates the effects of CoCl₂ doping on the structural, optical, and impedance characteristics of PEMA/PMMA blends for the advancement of sophisticated polymeric multifunctional materials. Composite films containing CoCl₂ were prepared using the solution-casting method and characterized by various analytical techniques. XRD and FTIR analysis revealed reduced crystallinity with significant interactions in the doped samples, SEM revealed a homogeneous morphology with slight porosity as a result of filler incorporation. UV–Vis spectra have demonstrated a systematic decrease of both direct and indirect band gaps, which evidences an effective tuning of the electronic structure via controlled doping. Electrical studies have demonstrated a significant increase of ionic conductivity at higher CoCl₂ content, which was further supported by impedance spectra that have revealed a lower bulk resistance and better charge transport. Conducing equivalent-circuit models further confirmed and quantified these improvements in conductivity. This is a dual-polymeric (PEMA/PMMA) matrix doped with CoCl₂, hence attaining the simultaneous control of structural order, optical properties, and ionic transport each rarely observable in convention polymer films. The optimized 5.0 wt.% composite exhibits an excellent balance between the conductivity and structural stability and, hence, is considered a promising candidate for tunable optoelectronic and energy storage applications.

Author Biographies

  • F. E. Hanash, Emirates International University
    F. E. Hanash
    • Department of Mechatronics, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Emirates International University, 16881, Sana’a, Yemen
    • Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sa’dah University, Sa’dah, Yemen
  • G. M. Asnag, Modern Specialized University
    G. M. Asnag
    • Department of Mechatronics, College of Engineering and Smart Computing, Modern Specialized University, 12544, Sana’a, Yemen
    • Center for Studies and Research, Amran University, 78428, Amran, Yemen

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How to Cite

Hanash, F. E., Alenizi, M. A., Asnag, G. M., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Farea, M. O., Khoreem, S. H., & Yassin, A. Y. (2025). Tunable structural, optical, and electrical performance of PEMA/PMMA–CoCl₂ composites for advanced optoelectronics and energy storage applications. Emirates International University Digital Repository, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26091-0

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