TiO₂-reinforced PVA/HPMC/CMC ternary bio-blend electrolytes for advanced energy storage devices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106509الكلمات المفتاحية:
PVA/HPMC/CMC ternary blend ، TiO₂ nanoparticles ، Polymer electrolyte ، Dielectric capacitor ، Advanced energy storage devicesالملخص
This study develops and characterizes eco-friendly ternary polymer electrolytes composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, for high-performance energy-storage applications. PVA/HPMC/CMC/TiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated via solution casting and characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and impedance spectroscopy to investigate their structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties. XRD results revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 suppressed crystallinity and promoted the formation of an amorphous phase, thereby favoring ion mobility. Optical analysis revealed band-gap narrowing with the addition of TiO2 (4.63 eV direct, 2.88 eV indirect), indicating enhanced electronic transitions and light absorption. Impedance measurements demonstrated optimized ionic conductivity (2.63 × 10−7 S cm−1 at 1.2 wt% TiO2) and a high dielectric constant (∼1264), resulting from interfacial polarization and additional conduction pathways. A pronounced decrease in bulk resistance (1.5 kΩ at 1.2 wt% TiO₂ vs. 8.2 kΩ for the pristine blend) further confirmed enhanced charge transport with reduced energy loss-key factors for high-performance capacitors and microelectronic devices. These findings highlight the crucial role of TiO2 nanoparticles in tuning and tailoring the functional properties of PVA/HPMC/CMC electrolytes, thereby providing a sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective platform for next-generation capacitive energy storage systems.المراجع
Alghamdi, A. M. (2025). Fabrication and comprehensive characterization of HPMC/PVA/CMC-MoO₃ bio-nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical, electrical, and antibacterial properties for food packaging applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 285, Article 137814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137814
Al Hashedi, S. A., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Abdelghany, A. M., Elshahawy, A. M., Al-Hakimi, A. N., & Saeed, A. (2025). Effect of disodium phthalocyanine on the structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of PVA/CMC blend towards optoelectronic applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 284, Article 137562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137562
Alanazi, H. T., Asnag, G. M., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Morsi, M. A., & Rajeh, A. (2024). Innovative enhancements in polymer nanocomposites: Integrating ZnO nanorods into Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend for advanced energy storage devices. Ceramics International, 50(18), 34112–34124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.06.220
Al Kiey, S. A., Abdelazeez, A. A., El-Hout, S. I., El-Sayed, S. M., & Ibrahim, M. (2024). Investigating the hybrid potential of PVA-chitosan-loaded TiO2@NiO films for advanced conductivity and dielectric performance. Polymer Testing, 131, Article 108342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108342
Alqarni, M. A., Al-Muntaser, A. A., Pashameah, R. A., Elshahawy, A. M., Asnag, G. M., & Rajeh, A. (2024). Optimizing the structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/zinc manganite nanocomposites for optical and energy storage applications. Results in Physics, 61, Article 107712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107712
Jayalakshmi, K., Saroja, G., Shanthi, J., & Selvasekarapandian, S. (2024). Investigating the properties of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose based magnesium ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes for primary battery applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 84, Article 110756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110756
Kesavan, S. K., Sundaramoorthy, S., Shanmugam, S., & Pattan, S. (2022). Fabrication of hybrid povidone-iodine impregnated collagen-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose composite scaffolds for wound-healing application. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 74, Article 103522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103522
Luo, C., Du, J., Weng, J., Zhu, J., & Zhou, X. (2020). A universal natural hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose polymer additive for modifying lignocellulose-based gel polymer electrolytes and stabilizing lithium metal anodes. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 253, Article 123382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchchemphys.2020.123382
Morsi, M. A., Pashameah, R. A., Alsubhi, S. A., Alzahrani, E., & Al-Muntaser, A. A. (2024). Reinforced PEO/Cs polymers blend with Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofillers: Nanocomposites for optoelectronics and energy storage. Journal of Energy Storage, 91, Article 112104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112104
Nayak, P., Bhargav, P. B., Ravi, M., & Solid State Battery Research Group. (2023). Unleashing the potential of eco-friendly chitosan: Methylcellulose polyblend electrolytes via magnesium acetate doping for solid state batteries. Journal of Energy Storage, 72, Article 108311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108311
